johnson



D. JOHNSON.

- Churn.

N0. 21,501. Patianted Sept. 14, 1858.

N, PETERS Phcloiilhugrlphan wm nnnnn o UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DANL. JOHNSON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CI'IUBN.

Specification of Letters Patent N0. 21,501, daced September 14, 1858.

T0 all w7wm vlt may concem:

Be itknown tha1: L DANIEL JOHNSON, 0f the city, county, und Stute of New York, have invented a new und Improved Churn; und I do hereby declare that the following is a fu1l and exact deecription thereof, refer ence being had to the accompanying drzuvings, of Which- Figure 1 is a vertzical section. Fig. 2 is 21 p1an in Section.

The nature of my inv.ention consists in the e1nploy1nent of two o1 more rollers when placed horizontal. and With their peripheries tonching or near1y touching one another, in cornbination with a revolving dasher Which is arranged underneath seid rollers und. in the szune box 01 cha1nber with the szune. By this cornbination, it .is thought hutter can be produced very quickly und 1eft in 21 sweet and palatable stete, f0r by placing the roll-ers horizontal instead of vertical, the cream is subjeeted to an intense friotion and its glob1fles 1nashed 01 broken, without be coming impaired by the heat created by the friction of the rollers, at the point between which the cream asses to have its globules mashed or broken is as fine as Ehe edge of a knife und conseqnentlythe fatty matter und butter1nilk have a ready and quick escape into the 1ower part of the box, Where, if the friction has not been sufiioient to prodnce the butter perfectly, they u1e agitated o1 operated upon by the revolving dashe1 to any fu1ther extent necessary (0 acco1nplish ehe perfect production of the butter; whereas, when the rollers are placed vertical, the cream has to be subjected to an intense friction, as it descends, along a greate1 portion 0f the length of the rollers and consequently beoomes heated to euch a degree ae to i1npair the quahty of the butter.

By using the revolving dasher, the nse of horizontal rollers is practicable for i1": the butt er is not produced by the thin friction edge through which the crea1n passes, by subjecting it to an agitating action its perfect formation is insured.

T0 enable others skilled in the art to comstruct this churn I Will proceed to describe the saure.

For the pnrpose of convenience in operating, the churn is made in two arts (A and B). The lower part (13,) has placed within itself u horizontol agitator ((1,) consist-ing 0f a shaft With six rows of pins inserted therein, which pins are about one-fourth 0f an inch square z1nd the s:une distance apart; the pins in one 1ine are mde to cover the spaces in the preceding und succeeding ones alternately, that the muss of cream 1nay be m!@rre thoroughly beaten up (hau when dashers of the common kind are used.

The upper art (A) is fitted to set in o1 upon the art before described. Vithin its interior space are placed three rollers (D, D, D,) they occupy a osition near the botto1n, 2ue in line o1 nearly so With each other and occupy or cover by their length and co1nbined diameters the entire space be tween the sides and ends of the box, the rollers must bear upon each other with such force and be so acourately fitted t-hat the cream cannot pass between the1n unti1 they are put in 1notion; the desired tightness of fitting is secured by placing the central roher 21 trifle above 0r below the others to which it may be adjusted by pressure in any convenient way.

Motion is given to the central r011e1 by a crank at its end and the other rollers are either made to revo1ve with it by friction upon their surfaces, o1 they may be geared together Motion is also given to the agitator (C) by wheels connected With the first, or in any convenient way.

By the p1an herein proposed the eream 130 be churned is placed within the recep tac1e (A,). The rollers are then sei; in motion, the eifect of Which is 130 draw in between and compress ehe cream, passing it through them gradually und in detail, so that every particle is subjeoted t0 an equal action, and the globules before mentioned are instantly crushed; When nothing fureher is necessary than a trifling degree of agitation to break up the already crushed particles, cause the requisite separation and complete the process, a few minutes only being necessary by this means to ncco1np1ish the purpose.

A greater or 1ess nu1nber of rollers than above specified or more than one tier of them may be used if desired, and the agitator may also have an increased 01' less number of beaters as Will be well umlerstood by any mechanic.

Vhat I claim as my invention anal desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

The employment of twoor more rollers When placed horizontal and with theirperipheries touching or nearly touching 0116 another, in oombination with a revolving 10 dasher which is arranged underneat-h said rollers und in i he Same box 01 chamber with the same, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

DANIEL JOHNSON. Witnesses:

N. BARLVENE, L. PITKIN. 

